THE EVOLUTION OF INSOMNIA DRUG THERAPY: BENZODIAZEPINES – TRIAZOLAM

December 16th, 2010

Marketed under the brand name Halcion, triazolam possesses the shortest half-life (four to six hours) of the major hypnotic benzodiazepines; thus the effects of the drug are usually completely gone by morning. It is especially useful in cases of transient insomnia, or for occasional use in chronic insomnia when sedative or antianxiety effects are not appropriate. With triazolam the onset of sleep occurs more quickly; REM sleep is delayed, but the total percentage of REM sleep is not affected. Sleep time is longer, but there is less deep sleep; there are also fewer awakenings. Triazolam has other uses as well; it can help to manage the disruptive behaviors in sleep-disturbed patients with Alzheimer’s. Furthermore, as I mentioned earlier, it may help overcome the symptoms of jet lag by causing rapid adjustments of the biological clock. Triazolam-is more rapidly absorbed than temazepam, but it poses the= risk of a number of side effects, including early-morning insomnia, memory impairment, psychotic symptoms, sleepwalking activity, and rebound insomnia if withdrawal from the drug is not handled properly.
*275\226\8*

THE EVOLUTION OF INSOMNIA DRUG THERAPY: BENZODIAZEPINES – TRIAZOLAMMarketed under the brand name Halcion, triazolam possesses the shortest half-life (four to six hours) of the major hypnotic benzodiazepines; thus the effects of the drug are usually completely gone by morning. It is especially useful in cases of transient insomnia, or for occasional use in chronic insomnia when sedative or antianxiety effects are not appropriate. With triazolam the onset of sleep occurs more quickly; REM sleep is delayed, but the total percentage of REM sleep is not affected. Sleep time is longer, but there is less deep sleep; there are also fewer awakenings. Triazolam has other uses as well; it can help to manage the disruptive behaviors in sleep-disturbed patients with Alzheimer’s. Furthermore, as I mentioned earlier, it may help overcome the symptoms of jet lag by causing rapid adjustments of the biological clock. Triazolam-is more rapidly absorbed than temazepam, but it poses the= risk of a number of side effects, including early-morning insomnia, memory impairment, psychotic symptoms, sleepwalking activity, and rebound insomnia if withdrawal from the drug is not handled properly.*275\226\8*

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RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) AND SURGERY: PREPARING FOR AND RECOVERING FROM SURGERY

December 10th, 2010

Before Surgery
Be certain that your surgeon is aware of all of the medications you are taking, particularly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), immunosuppressant, and corticosteroids. Remember to mention over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen or aspirin.
If you are scheduled to have general anesthesia, tell your surgeon about any history of neck or jaw discomfort. Some surgeons request that a neck x-ray be taken in individuals who have had RA a long time. These precautions are often taken before general anesthesia is administered.
Before you undergo any joint replacement surgery, make certain that your orthopedic surgeon is aware of any infections you have, including skin breakdown and bladder infections. It is possible for infection to spread to the new joint by way of the bloodstream, so your surgeon will want to treat the infection if possible before proceeding. A common problem that people neglect to mention to their surgeon is severe dental caries (cavities) or tooth decay. Whether or not you have tooth decay, scrupulous dental hygiene is essential after a joint replacement to avoid spreading bacteria into the new joint.
Ask your physician well in advance of the surgery whether it is possible for you to put aside your own blood in case it is needed during the procedure. The medication erythropoietin can be administered to people with anemia to stimulate the production of red blood cells; this should make it possible for someone with anemia to put blood aside in advance in case it is needed during surgery.
During your Recovery
You can increase the extent and speed of your recovery by actively participating in rehabilitation both before and after surgery, so the best advice we can give you is to follow the instructions of your physical and occupational therapists closely. Also, be certain to discuss with your orthopedic surgeon any exercise program involving a joint that has been operated on.
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RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) AND SURGERY: PREPARING FOR AND RECOVERING FROM SURGERYBefore SurgeryBe certain that your surgeon is aware of all of the medications you are taking, particularly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), immunosuppressant, and corticosteroids. Remember to mention over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen or aspirin.If you are scheduled to have general anesthesia, tell your surgeon about any history of neck or jaw discomfort. Some surgeons request that a neck x-ray be taken in individuals who have had RA a long time. These precautions are often taken before general anesthesia is administered.Before you undergo any joint replacement surgery, make certain that your orthopedic surgeon is aware of any infections you have, including skin breakdown and bladder infections. It is possible for infection to spread to the new joint by way of the bloodstream, so your surgeon will want to treat the infection if possible before proceeding. A common problem that people neglect to mention to their surgeon is severe dental caries (cavities) or tooth decay. Whether or not you have tooth decay, scrupulous dental hygiene is essential after a joint replacement to avoid spreading bacteria into the new joint.Ask your physician well in advance of the surgery whether it is possible for you to put aside your own blood in case it is needed during the procedure. The medication erythropoietin can be administered to people with anemia to stimulate the production of red blood cells; this should make it possible for someone with anemia to put blood aside in advance in case it is needed during surgery.
During your RecoveryYou can increase the extent and speed of your recovery by actively participating in rehabilitation both before and after surgery, so the best advice we can give you is to follow the instructions of your physical and occupational therapists closely. Also, be certain to discuss with your orthopedic surgeon any exercise program involving a joint that has been operated on.*115/209/5*

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GONORRHOEA – CONJUNCTIVITIS IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS; TOPICAL ANTIBIOTICS INEFFECTIVE

October 11th, 2010

Neonates bom to mothers with documented gonorrhoea at the time of birth should be treated prophylactically (e.g. with ceftriaxone 125 mg intramuscularly in a single dose). Parents of neonates with gonococcal conjunctivitis must be treated for gonorrhoea.

Patients with gonococcal conjunctivitis should be admitted and treated with systemic antibiotics as for complicated infections. These infections reflect a serious breakdown of personal hygiene, the reestablishment of which is a necessary part of management

Topical antibiotics are not effective and are unnecessary when systemic antibiotics are given. Cleansing of the eyes with sterile saline is recommended. Conjunctivitis is a serious condition and ophthalmological consultation should be obtained.
*49/56/1*
Generics online – no prescription

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GONORRHOEA – MANAGEMENT (PENICILLIN SUSCEPTIBLE INFECTION)

October 11th, 2010

Penicillin susceptible infection

Amoxycillin sodium 1 g intravenously every 6 hours until oral amoxycillin (500 mg 3 times daily for at least 7 days) can be given. Patients (other than pregnant females) who are sensitive to penicillin can be treated with spectinomycin (see below). Pregnant females should be treated with erythromycin

Penicillin resistant infection (first line treatment where PPNG is endemic) Cefotaxime 0.5 to 1 g intravenously three times daily for at least 10 days or Ceftriaxone 1 g intravenously once daily for 7 days or Spectinomycin 4 g in a single intramuscular dose daily (Dose may be divided between 2 gluteal sites).

Gonococcal conjunctivitis

Untreated gonococcal conjunctivitis in neonates is highly contagious and may rapidly lead to blindness. Systemic antibiotics are required e.g.:

Benzylpenicillin 30 mg/kg intramuscularly every 6 hours for 3 days (for penicillin sensitive infections) or Ceftriaxone 25-50 mg/kg intravenously or intramuscularly daily for 3 days (for PPNG) for 7 days or Spectinomycin 40 mg/kg intramuscularly daily for 3 days (for PPNG).
*48/56/1*
Dvpharm.com – Pharmacy information

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THE LACRIMAL GLANDS 3

December 22nd, 2009

It is also wise to refrain from straining the eyes when there is insufficient illumination to read by. The eyes need plenty of rest, and to be closed during the night, because they work hard during our waking hours. They are indeed very precious to us, but many people forget that and do not give them the care they deserve as the indispensable gift they are. No one will deny that the eyes are instruments that we cannot do without, physically or mentally.

Blindness constitutes an extremely heavy loss. Amongst all the other wonders of Creation, the eyes are a miracle and the lacrimal glands, despite their negligible size and apparent unimportance, are a convincing symbol of a carefully thought out design to smooth the necessary but involuntary processes of our daily existence.

*118/28/1*

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THE LACRIMAL GLANDS

December 22nd, 2009

Is it not a marvellous thing that the lacrimal glands, or tear ducts, serve as a safety valve to reduce the internal pressure when we are under emotional stress? How unbearable it would be, even for a little girl, if she could not cry when her doll dropped on the floor and broke, or some equally frustrating thing happened. The pain seems only half as bad when salty tears roll down the cheeks like pearls. In fact, this ingenious arrangement operates much better with women than with men.

In addition to the secretion of tears when crying, the lacrimal glands, which are located just within the upper outside part of the eye socket, embedded in a little pocket, have yet another function: the tears must keep the conjunctiva and the cornea moist in order to prevent their drying out. Furthermore, bacteria, dust and other foreign particles are washed away by the tears.

*116/28/1*

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TAKING CARE OF THE EYES

December 22nd, 2009

This section is not meant to deal in detail with the complex mechanism we call the eye. Instead, all it sets out to do is give some clear and helpful hints on how to preserve and protect your eyesight, and highlight the basic principles of nature involved.

Let us begin by repeating the fact that excessive brain work causes eyestrain. The more natural and free from stress is the way we live our daily lives the better it will be for our eyes. It might be added that the poor nourishment derived from today’s denatured foods also contributes to the development of eye problems.

However, many of us will admit that it is not all that easy to change these things, or we may have already made some changes and want to achieve still more. How can this be done?

*113/28/1*

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THE SENSATION OF TASTE

December 22nd, 2009

Nerve cells which register the sensation of taste and transmit it to the brain are arranged in a bulb-like manner. The nerve ends may be compared to the roots, while the layers of the bulb represent the reaction controls, with built-in amplifiers. To complete the illustration, in the place of the bulb’s top, there are very fine hairlike nerves that register the taste sensation.

These nerve bulbs are called taste buds, because scientists compared them to the literal buds. An adult has about 3,000 of them. But did you know that we humans probably have fewer sensations of taste when eating our food than, for example, antelopes, which have about fifteen times as many taste buds as a human? If we had as many as these animals it would be much easier for us to differentiate between healthy nourishing food and that which is harmful. Thus animals are more capable than humans in distinguishing what is good for them and what is not.

*108/28/1*

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THE TONGUE

December 22nd, 2009

Just as with any one of the other organs, the tongue is a marvellous work of Creation. The singular design, structure and arrangement of this muscular organ gives it a flexibility that no other organ in the body possesses. The tongue’s shape can change from flat to broad, from thin to thick, by manipulating its muscle fibres which respond to command as does a circus horse to its trainer. Yet the most interesting feature in the structure of the tongue is its surface, which, when greatly magnified, looks rather like a lunar landscape. Every elevation and every little crater-like cavity is equipped with minute receptors of taste sensations that enable us to taste and enjoy our food and drink. The mucous glands in the taste cavities see to it that there is always a small amount of local mucus or fluid present, for chemicals taken into the mouth have to be dissolved for us to taste them.

*107/28/1*

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HEADACHES – THEIR CAUSES AND TREATMENTS 2

December 22nd, 2009

Headaches can also be caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain. In this case we recommend both Petadolor and Ginkgol biloba, also known as maidenhair tree. The leaves of this tree] contain active properties that can do wonders for the cerebral blood supply.

Physical therapy should not be forgotten either. Relief is often obtained from warm showers directed on the nape of the neck and the spine, as well as massaging with Toxeucal Massage Oil. If the headaches stem from an upset digestive system, warm showers directed on the stomach are the answer to alleviating the pain.

Onion, horseradish or cabbage leaf poultices can be applied to the back of the neck in order to combat headaches successfully.!

Whatever you do, natural treatments and remedies will prove more effective than chemical drugs, which merely dull the pain. It is of fundamental importance to find the cause of the headache and to treat it accordingly.

*106/28/1*

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